complex plane

A complex number \( z \) is a number of the form \( z = a + bi \), where \( a \) and \( b \) are any real numbers. The set of complex numbers is denoted by \( \mathbb{C} \).

Euler’s formula is a fundamental identity in complex analysis that relates the complex exponential function to sine and cosine through \[e^{iθ} = \cos θ + i\sin θ\]